Pediatric Nursing MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Pediatric Nursing - Download Free PDF

A child diagnosed with impetigo should be taught which preventative measure to avoid spreading the infection?

1. Cover the lesions with a sterile bandage
2. Apply thick layers of anti-itch cream
3. Keep the child from attending school until cleared by a physician
4. Wash the lesions with hot water several times a day

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Pediatric Nursing Question 1 Detailed Solution

• Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial skin infection commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. It is most often spread through direct contact with the lesions or by touching objects or surfaces that have come into contact with the lesions.
• To prevent spreading the infection to others, it is crucial to keep the child home from school or daycare until they have been treated and cleared by a physician. This usually means 24-48 hours after starting appropriate antibiotic treatment.
• This measure helps limit exposure to other children and reduces the risk of an outbreak, which is especially important in settings where children frequently touch their faces and interact closely with one another.

• Other preventive measures include practicing good hand hygiene, not sharing personal items such as towels, and keeping the child's nails trimmed to reduce scratching and further spreading of the bacteria.
• Ensuring the lesions are kept clean and appropriately treated with prescribed antibiotics (topical or oral) is essential for effective management and quicker resolution of the infection.

• Rationale: While covering the lesions with a sterile bandage can help prevent the spread of bacteria to other areas of the body or to other people, it is not as critical as keeping the child isolated and away from school, where close contact with others is more likely to spread the infection.

• Rationale: Washing the lesions with hot water several times a day is not recommended, as excessive washing, especially with hot water, can irritate the skin and potentially worsen the condition. Gentle cleansing with mild soap and water is sufficient.

• Rationale: Anti-itch creams do not address the underlying bacterial infection and are not effective in preventing the spread of impetigo. Treatment should focus on antibacterial therapies prescribed by a healthcare provider.

• The most critical preventative measure for a child diagnosed with impetigo is to keep them from attending school or daycare until a physician has cleared them. This helps contain the spread of the highly contagious bacterial infection and protects other children from exposure.
• Parents and caregivers should also be educated on good hygiene practices and appropriate wound care to manage the infection effectively.

Pediatric Nursing Question 2:

1. Ratio of number of infant deaths to 100 live births
2. Ratio of number of infant deaths to 1000 live births
3. Ratio of number of infant deaths to 1000 total births
4. More than one of the above
5. None of the above

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Pediatric Nursing Question 2 Detailed Solution

Explanation

• The infant mortality rate is the rate that defines the number of deaths of children before their first birthday.
• This rate acts as a physical health indicator of the human community.
• IMR=No.of deaths of children less than one year of age/Number of live births in the same year×1000
• Some of the causes of infant mortality are mentioned as below:-
• The leading cause of infant mortality is birth defects
• Poor water quality and sanitation malnourishment of the Infant
• Smoking and alcohol consumption during pregnancy
• Sudden infant death syndrome, preterm birth and low birth weight, birth defects injuries.
• Premature births
• Infections and lack of breathing

Additional Information The maternal mortality rate is the number of maternal deaths in a population divided by the number of women of reproductive age. It captures the likelihood of both becoming pregnant and dying during pregnancy (including deaths up to six weeks after delivery).

Child mortality or the under-five mortality rate refers to the probability of a child dying between birth and exactly 5 years of age, expressed per 1,000 live births.

Pediatric Nursing Question 3:

1. Baby weighing 1000 gram cared in an incubator
2. Baby with a birth weight of 2.6 kg
3. Hemodynamically stable Low birth weight baby
4. Baby who is sick and cared under radiant warmer

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Pediatric Nursing Question 3 Detailed Solution

• Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is specifically recommended for low birth weight babies who are hemodynamically stable.
• KMC involves skin-to-skin contact, which provides numerous benefits such as temperature regulation, breastfeeding, and bonding. Stability is essential to ensure the baby can safely receive KMC.

• Rationale: Although KMC can be beneficial for very low birth weight infants, a baby weighing 1000 grams might need more intensive monitoring and care, typically provided in an incubator until they are stable enough for KMC.

• Rationale: A baby with a birth weight of 2.6 kg is usually not considered low birth weight and may not need the specialized care that KMC provides. KMC is aimed at low birth weight and preterm infants.

• Rationale: A sick baby requiring a radiant warmer is typically too unstable to participate in KMC. These infants usually need more intensive medical interventions until they become stable.

• For a baby to be eligible for KMC, they must be a low birth weight infant who is hemodynamically stable. This ensures that the baby can safely benefit from the skin-to-skin contact, bonding, and breastfeeding support that KMC provides.

Pediatric Nursing Question 4:

A 15-month-old child is brought to the OPD with diarrhea. He has sunken eyes; the skin pinch goes back slowly and he drinks eagerly. As per the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI), this child is classified as

1. Severe dehydration
2. Some dehydration
3. No dehydration
4. Severe persistent diarrhoea

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Pediatric Nursing Question 4 Detailed Solution

• The child exhibits signs such as sunken eyes, a skin pinch that goes back slowly, and an eager desire to drink. These are clinical indicators of some dehydration according to the IMNCI guidelines.
• Identification of dehydration severity is crucial for proper management and treatment of diarrhoea in children, ensuring timely and appropriate rehydration measures.

• Rationale: Severe dehydration would typically present with more pronounced symptoms such as extreme lethargy, an inability to drink, or very sunken eyes. These severe signs are not described in this child's assessment.

• Rationale: No dehydration would be characterized by the absence of dehydration signs. The child's symptoms, such as sunken eyes and a slow skin pinch, clearly indicate the presence of dehydration, so this option can be ruled out.

• Rationale: Severe persistent diarrhoea is diagnosed when diarrhoea lasts 14 days or more, often accompanied by signs of severe malnutrition. The scenario does not provide information regarding the duration of the diarrhoea or any malnutrition, so this classification cannot be confirmed based on the provided details.

• Given the described symptoms—sunken eyes, slow skin pinch recovery, and eager drinking—the child is classified as having some dehydration. Immediate oral rehydration therapy is recommended as per IMNCI guidelines to prevent progression to severe dehydration and manage diarrhoea effectively.

Pediatric Nursing Question 5:

During resuscitation, which one of the following medications is indicated initially if the heart rate of a newborn continues to be less than 60 per minute after 30 seconds of Positive Pressure Ventilation and Chest Compression?

1. Epinephrine
2. Sodium Bicarbonate
3. Atropine
4. Dexamethasone

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Pediatric Nursing Question 5 Detailed Solution

• Epinephrine:
  • Indication: Epinephrine is the drug of choice in neonatal resuscitation when the heart rate remains less than 60 beats per minute after 30 seconds of effective Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) and another 30 seconds of PPV with Chest Compressions.
  • Action: Epinephrine primarily works by increasing the heart rate and improving cardiac output. It causes vasoconstriction, which helps improve blood flow to vital organs like the heart and brain.
  • Administration: It can be administered intravenously (IV) or intraosseously (IO). The typical starting dose is 0.01 to 0.03 mg/kg (0.1 to 0.3 mL/kg of 1:10,000 concentration).
  Explanation of Other Options:
  • Sodium Bicarbonate:
    • Sodium Bicarbonate is used to correct metabolic acidosis but is not the first-line medication in neonatal resuscitation. It is considered only when there is a profound metabolic acidosis that has been confirmed by blood gas analysis, and it is not typically used in the initial resuscitation phase.
    • Atropine is an anticholinergic drug used primarily for bradycardia due to vagal stimulation. It is not typically used in neonatal resuscitation where hypoxia is the primary cause of bradycardia.
    • Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid used for its anti-inflammatory effects. It has no role in the immediate resuscitation of a newborn with bradycardia and is not indicated in this situation.
    Conclusion:
    • In neonatal resuscitation, when a newborn's heart rate remains below 60 beats per minute after 30 seconds of Positive Pressure Ventilation (PPV) followed by another 30 seconds of PPV with Chest Compressions, Epinephrine is the indicated medication to administer initially. It helps increase the heart rate and improve circulation to vital organs, which is crucial in resuscitation efforts.
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    Top Pediatric Nursing MCQ Objective Questions

    Pediatric Nursing Question 6

    Neonates compression ventilation ratio

    Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

    Option 3 : 3:1

    Pediatric Nursing Question 6 Detailed Solution

    

    • In neonates, chest compressions with ventilation at a ratio of 3:1 and rate should be 120 compressions per minute to achieve approximately 90 compressions and 30 breaths per minute.

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    Pediatric Nursing Question 7

    Birth weight quadruple by ?
    1. 5 Months
    2. 1 Year
    3. 18 Months
    4. 2 Years

    Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

    Option 4 : 2 Years

    Pediatric Nursing Question 7 Detailed Solution

    Concept:

    • Birth weight of baby quadruples from 2 to 2 1/2 years of age (based on weight at birth).
    • A newborn's normal weight is between 2.5 and 3.5 kg. If the weight of the baby is slightly more than 3.5 kg it is considered to be normal. If the baby weighs less than 2.5 kg, then the baby is said to have a low birth weight.

    

    Additional Information

    • The weight of newborn babies usually doubles by about 5 months of age.
    • Birth weight of the baby triples by 12 months of age.
    • Height doubles between 3 and 4 years old.

    BOYS

    AGE

    GIRLS

    Weight (Kg)

    Height (cm)

    Weight (Kg)

    Height (cm)

    At the time of birth

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    Pediatric Nursing Question 8

    Height of neonate doubles by ?
    1. 4 Years
    2. 3 Years
    3. 2 Years
    4. 1 Years

    Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

    Option 1 : 4 Years

    Pediatric Nursing Question 8 Detailed Solution

    • The height doubles between the age of 4 years old.

    

    Additional Information

    • Neonatal Height triples by 13 years old (based on height at birth).
    • Physical growth is especially very fast during the first 2 years. Usually, an infant's birth weight generally doubles within 5 months and triples by the infant's first birthday.
    • Also baby grows between 10 and 12 inches in length (or height), and the baby's proportions change during the first 2 years.
    • A baby's length is measured usually from the top of their head to the bottom of one of their heels. It's the same as their height, but height is measured standing up, whereas length is measured when the baby is lying down.
    • The average length at birth for a full-term baby is 19 to 20 inches or 50 cm.

    BOYS

    AGE

    GIRLS

    Weight (Kg)

    Height (cm)

    Weight (Kg)

    Height (cm)

    At the time of birth

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    Pediatric Nursing Question 9

    Which among the following is the sign of severe dehydration among infants?
    1. Anxiety and increased skin turgor
    2. Drowsiness, depressed fontanelle and decreased skin turgor
    3. Excessive crying and excessive thirst
    4. Drowsiness, bulging fontanelle and decreased skin turgor

    Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

    Option 2 : Drowsiness, depressed fontanelle and decreased skin turgor

    Pediatric Nursing Question 9 Detailed Solution

    Explanation

    • Dehydration occurs when an infant or child loses so much body fluid that they are not able to maintain ordinary function.
    • Dehydration may happen because of vomiting, diarrhoea, fever or not drinking enough water.

    Some signs of dehydration in infants:

    • Dry tongue and dry lips
    • No tears when crying
    • Depressed fontanelle
    • Drowsiness
    • Sunken eyes
    • Dry and wrinkled skin
    • Deep, rapid breathing
    • Cool and blotchy hands and feel

    

    Important Points Dehydration can lead to serious complications, including:

    • Heat injury
    • Urinary and kidney problems
    • Seizures
    • Low blood volume shock (hypovolemic shock)

    

    Additional Information ORT (Oral rehydration therapy) is the giving of fluid by mouth to prevent and/or correct the dehydration that is a result of diarrhoea. As soon as diarrhoea begins, treatment using home remedies to prevent dehydration must be started. If adults or children have not been given extra drinks, or if in spite of this dehydration does occur, they must be treated with a special drink made with oral rehydration salts (ORS).

    Dehydration can usually be treated at home, but severe cases may require hospitalization. Hospital care may include:

    • Fluids are given intravenously (IV).
    • Monitoring of electrolytes imbalance.
    • Acetaminophen for fever.
    • Rest.