An array is a variable that can store multiple values. For example, if you want to store 100 integers, you can create an array for it.
int data[100]; dataType arrayName[arraySize];
For example,
float mark[5];
Here, we declared an array, mark , of floating-point type. And its size is 5. Meaning, it can hold 5 floating-point values.
It's important to note that the size and type of an array cannot be changed once it is declared.
You can access elements of an array by indices.
Suppose you declared an array mark as above. The first element is mark[0] , the second element is mark[1] and so on.
It is possible to initialize an array during declaration. For example,
int mark[5] = ;You can also initialize an array like this.
int mark[] = ;Here, we haven't specified the size. However, the compiler knows its size is 5 as we are initializing it with 5 elements.
mark[0] is equal to 19 mark[1] is equal to 10 mark[2] is equal to 8 mark[3] is equal to 17 mark[4] is equal to 9
int mark[5] = // make the value of the third element to -1 mark[2] = -1; // make the value of the fifth element to 0 mark[4] = 0; Here's how you can take input from the user and store it in an array element.
// take input and store it in the 3rd element scanf("%d", &mark[2]); // take input and store it in the ith element scanf("%d", &mark[i-1]); Here's how you can print an individual element of an array.
// print the first element of the array printf("%d", mark[0]); // print the third element of the array printf("%d", mark[2]); // print ith element of the array printf("%d", mark[i-1]); // Program to take 5 values from the user and store them in an array // Print the elements stored in the array #include int main() < int values[5]; printf("Enter 5 integers: "); // taking input and storing it in an array for(int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) < scanf("%d", &values[i]); >printf("Displaying integers: "); // printing elements of an array for(int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) < printf("%d\n", values[i]); >return 0; > Output
Enter 5 integers: 1 -3 34 0 3 Displaying integers: 1 -3 34 0 3
Here, we have used a for loop to take 5 inputs from the user and store them in an array. Then, using another for loop, these elements are displayed on the screen.
// Program to find the average of n numbers using arrays #include int main() < int marks[10], i, n, sum = 0; double average; printf("Enter number of elements: "); scanf("%d", &n); for(i=0; i < n; ++i) < printf("Enter number%d: ",i+1); scanf("%d", &marks[i]); // adding integers entered by the user to the sum variable sum += marks[i]; >// explicitly convert sum to double // then calculate average average = (double) sum / n; printf("Average = %.2lf", average); return 0; > Output
Enter number of elements: 5 Enter number1: 45 Enter number2: 35 Enter number3: 38 Enter number4: 31 Enter number5: 49 Average = 39.60
Here, we have computed the average of n numbers entered by the user.
Suppose you declared an array of 10 elements. Let's say,
int testArray[10];
You can access the array elements from testArray[0] to testArray[9] .
Now let's say if you try to access testArray[12] . The element is not available. This may cause unexpected output (undefined behavior). Sometimes you might get an error and some other time your program may run correctly.
Hence, you should never access elements of an array outside of its bound.
In this tutorial, you learned about arrays. These arrays are called one-dimensional arrays.
In the next tutorial, you will learn about multidimensional arrays (array of an array).
